Audience Theory

provides a starting point for many Media Studies tasks. Whether you are constructing a text or analysing one, you will need to consider the destination of that text (i.e. its target audience) and how that audience (or any other) will respond to that text.

Over the course of the past century or so, media analysts have developed several effects models, ie theoretical explanations of how humans ingest the information transmitted by media texts and how this might influence (or not) their behaviour. Effects theory is still a very hotly debated area of Media and Psychology research, as no one is able to come up with indisputable evidence that audiences will always react to media texts one way or another. The scientific debate is clouded by the politics of the situation: some audience theories are seen as a call for more censorship, others for less control. Whatever your personal stance on the subject, you must understand the following theories and how they may be used to deconstruct the relationship between audience and text.

The hypodermic needle model

The intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver.

Two-step flow

The people with most access to media, and highest media literacy explain and diffuse the content to others. This is a modern version of the hypodermic needle model.

Uses and gratifications

People are not helpless victims of mass media, but use the media to get specific gratifications.

Reception theory

The meaning of a "text" is not inherent within the text itself, but the audience must elicit meaning based on their individual cultural background and life experiences

Obstinate audience theory

This theory assumes that there is a transactional communication between the audience and the media. The audience actively selects what messages to pay attention to. The Zimmerman-Bauer study found that the audience also participates in the communication by influencing the message.

Regulatory Bodies

BBFC: (Taken from their website, this is a correct explanation of what the company do)  


The British Board of Film Classification is an independent, non-governmental body which has classified cinema films since it was set up in 1912 and videos/ DVDs since the Video Recordings Act was passed in 1984. The British Board of Film Censors was set up in 1912 by the film industry as an independent body to bring a degree of uniformity to the classification of film nationally. Statutory powers on film remain with the local councils, which may overrule any of the BBFC’s decisions, passing films we reject, banning films we have passed, and even waiving cuts, instituting new ones, or altering categories for films exhibited under their own licensing jurisdiction. In 1984 Parliament passed the Video Recordings Act. This act stated that, subject to certain exemptions, video recordings offered for sale or hire commercially in the UK must be classified by an authority designated by the Secretary of State. The President and Vice Presidents of the BBFC were so designated, and charged with applying the new test of ‘suitability for viewing in the home’. At this point the Board’s title was changed to the British Board of Film Classification to reflect the fact that classification plays a far larger part in the BBFC’s work than censorship. The BBFC is a not for profit organisation, and its fees are adjusted only as required to cover its costs. In order to preserve its independence, the BBFC has never received subsidies from either the film industry or the government. Its income is derived solely from the fees it charges for its services, calculated by measuring the running time of films or DVDs submitted for classification. The tariff must be approved by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.


PCC: (taken from Wikipedia for a correct understanding of what the company do and deal with)


The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) is a voluntary regulatory body for British printed newspapers and magazines, consisting of representatives of the major publishers. The PCC is funded by the annual levy it charges newspapers and magazines. It has no legal powers – all newspapers and magazines voluntarily contribute to the costs of, and adhere to the rulings of, the Commission, making the industry self-regulating. The PCC received extensive criticism for its lack of action in the News of the World phone hacking affair, including from MPs and Prime Minister David Cameron, who called for it to be replaced with a new system in July 2011.

Shropshire Star Analysis + History

Shropshire Star


The Shropshire Star is a regional newspaper, which mainly covers the whole of Shropshire, but it also covers parts of Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Cheshire, the Llangollen area and northern Powys in the UK
The Shropshire Star is published every single day of the week, and and is 42p an issue. The newspaper is usually sold in shops and supermarkets but you can get them home delivered for a small monthly fee. The Shropshire Star is owned by Midlands News Association and was the first new post war evening newspaper, which when came out, was already using new technology that even some national dailies weren't using. The Midland News Association also owns 2 radio stations, The Severn and The Wyre, these were then sold in 2011. It is the 9th leading publisher in the country, and has sub-sections of Express + Star Ltd. and Shropshire Newspapers Ltd. The Midland News Association owns these papers, but they are published by higher end publishers. Because many of us live in Shropshire and the paper seems so normal and small to us, it actually had a huge effect on the print media industry today. Hot metal printing was the normal slow way of prinintg used by every paper, however the Shropshire Star was the first newspaper to introduce web offset printing. Offset printing is a commonly used in this day and age. Its when the inked image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface. There used to be 8 editions of the paper, these being County, South, North, West and East. Where as now I have only found a County one.


The Shropshire Star was the first post war evening newspaper, with its first edition being released on the 5th October 1964. The Shropshire Star was at the forefront of new technology, as it had better picture and printing quality. Amazingly such a small independent paper managed to create its own identity in comparison to the national dailies, as it became the pioneer of colour! Shropshire Star was the first paper to have a front cover in colour, and ironically it was released the same day of Winston Churchill's funeral. And astonishingly in March 1967 the paper was the first in britain to publish a colour photograph on the very same day it was taken, this was when the Queen herself visited Shropshire. Along side of being the first to do everything, the Shropshire Star and its sister paper in Wolverhampton were at this point at the from of revolution of all other newspapers, the computer revolution. 
Shortly the paper moved 'Double keying' (when the journalist would bring back the work for someone to type it up for them) to single keying (where the journalist typed it themselves). Effectively this turned journalists to printers as-well. in 1988 Shoprshire Star went online, and it was also one of the first too. Its web address started off as 'www.shropshire-online.com' then they recently changed it to 'www.shropshirestar.com'. The website was revamped in 2003 and 2006 to give it a more contemporary look. 


Almost 172,000 adult readers read the Shropshire Star each night, and 82% of all Shropshire Stars distributed are home delivered. This shows the high demand of the paper and its popularity. Not only this but the website for the paper impressively gets over 1 million views a month. 
Statistics:
Time spent reading the paper is a huge point in indicating weather the reader is interested. Shropshire Star average issue reader spends about 33 minutes reading the paper. And the Shropshire Star employed around 400 people. 

The total circulation for the Shropshire Star for January 2012, was 55491 with the total readership being 139927 adults, 82% of these readers have their papers home delivered (£10 a week). With 71370 being Men and 68558 being Women. According to statistics the majority of readers that buy the papers are aged between 45 and 54. Also C2DE readers, buy the paper more than ABC1, showing that working class people read it more than the upper class. The Shropshire Express + Star only got around a 19,000 nightly circulation whereas by the mid 1980s, the Shropshire Star was hitting of 100,000 readers a night. The paper then went from its original 3 editions to a further 6 more. In Shropshire, 39% of the adult population read the Shropshire Star, which is remarkable as The Sun only has 14%, coming in second. Out of 98,458 readers, 57% of them do not buy another paper to read. and 35% of these read it 6 nights a week. According to TNSmedia 2008, it takes an average of 33 minutes to read the Shropshire Star. Not only this but to appeal to the more modern audience the paper also has a website, where 182413 people visit it every month.

Not only does it have a website it also has apps available on apple iTunes. This is a more mobile approach, so you can read the paper wherever your at, without having to carry around all the paper! The paper is in a Tabloid format, which it what newspapers are typically presented as. The majority of the local news on the front page, is news that would be relevant to the whole County, rather than seperate news stories, this gives a high level of meaningfulness to the stories. Throughout the paper, the stories decrease in importance. A lot of the local news is about achievements within the county, especially to do with schools, and charity. In the back pages of the paper, there is a section for sport, which shows the achievements of schools, and sports teams in the county, and the back page shows main sports news from major events, or major sports matches between different teams. Photographs are used throughout the paper in some articles to promote certain stories, this could be a promotion for a theatre performance or a charity event. They are also used to identify people who have committed crimes or have been killed. They are mainly used to inform people of a story. There is enough national and international news to keep a high solus readership, as recently we have seen stories about the Oscars, and the Grammys.

The lexis in this paper is formal, and yet easy to understand. They do use sophisticated words at times, but nothing that is hard to understand. The mode of address within the paper is very friendly and direct. This suggests that the paper is aware of its target audience, who is a varied mixture of ABC1 and C2DE readers, this reflects on the paper well as it shows that it has a high standard for its readers. 

The Shropshire Star is Shropshire's biggest paper and at the rate its going for is one of the best value for money. Due to it being on such high demand there isn't any competitors that will threaten profits or the paper in any way what so ever. 

Newspapers

Newspapers are read by almost everyone in england they are considered to be the most trusted, responcible meduim of all, and its the smaller ewspapers that are suposadbly the most trusted ones. In the UK there are over 1,600 websites for newspapers and the uks most popular newspaper is read by almost 33 million people a week. 42 million people rely on their local newspapers for information a  month, and more than 6,100 local newspapers are sold or distributed in the UK every minute.


Local newspapers are the first we turn to raise awareness or an issue or problem, rather than going to the big national newspapers first. The local media emplys around 30,000 people a year, and an incedible 10,000 of them are journalists! supposedly 85% of local newspaper readers in Britain say its improtant that their local newspaper keeps them infrmed on local council issues. This is because even though we may not know it, our local couincil can have great everyday effects on us more than what the bigger national couincil does. Accouriding to stats a whopping 60% act on the ads in the local newspapers.


Stats:
Daily and sunday papers 89
Free dailys 11
Paid weeklys 487
Paid weeklys with free pick ups 17
Free weeklys 494
Free weeklys with pickups 35
Free pick up only (weekly) 4
Combined weekly 10


Total 1,167


Not just the papers, but regional press over stand alone magazines and niche publications. There are over 1600 websites (which has amazingly double in the last 5 years). 71% read local newspapers (figures deom April 2010 - March 2011)


Coverage from age groups:
15-24 61.1%
25-34 66.6%
35-44 68.0%
45-54 71.9%
55-64 75.0%
65+    79.9%


Regional Press has a high solus. This is when someone who reads a local newspaper won't read a national paper. 26.9% of those who read a regional newspaper do not read a national daily. Local newspapaers are increasingly becoming more local society and three quarters of people in the UK work within 10 mils from their home, and 40% of us work within 2 miles.
The top 20% of all publishers own 90% of all regional and local newspaper titles in the UK. And over 95% of total weekly circulation.


A great Website to see all the stats and facts is www.newspapersociety.com. Increasingly there are more and more ways to read a newspaper, ie websites, podcasts, mobile phones, e-editions, blogging and video streaming. This is a great contemporary way of getting the news acorss to a younger generation.


Types of newspapers:

National (eg Sun, Daily Mail, The Times)

Regional (eg Shropshire Star, Birmingham Post)

Local (eg Market Drayton Advertiser)

History Of Slasher Films

A slasher film is a type of horror film typically involving a psychopathic killer stalking and killing a sequence of victims in a graphically violent manner, often with a cutting tool such as a knife or axe. For many years now the slasher genre has been one of the most popular and most demanded genres of films. 

Slasher films are great for getting audiences on the edge of their seats, and whats even greater about it is, they have certain codes and conventions which audiences know about, therefore tension is caused when the viewer knows something bad is about to happen. For example, if you have sex, you die. This moral template is what predates the slasher genre way back.

This goes way back to a little story called 'The tail of the hook.' All filmmakers and anyone who knows about film know about this legendary story. A couple in a car, are in lovers lane, they were out there and they were making out, and a maniac was going round who had escaped from an institution, and he had a hook for a hand. The girl all of a sudden hears a noise, and it bothers her, she tells her boyfriend to go out and look what it is, so he does and he doesn't see anything. Of course everyone expects them to get killed, but instead he gets back in the car fine, the girl is so creeped out she just cant get back into it, she sits up gets dressed and asks her boyfriend to drive her home. Shes so insistent that he finally agrees and drives off pretty fast. They get home, and when he gets out the car he goes round to her door to open it and there handing is a nasty hook, which still has flesh attached to it where it had been ripped from someones arm.

The hook man was there and was about to get them, but the girl had remembered that her mum said she shouldn't make out with boys in cars.

The influence of the tail of the hook can clearly be identified in John Carpenters 'Halloween' 1978, which kicked off the late 70's teen slasher craze. Set in an apparent quiet urban neighborhood, there was Jamie-Leigh Curtis against the unstoppable Micheal Myers who killed his sister for having sex with her boyfriend. 

He then plunges his knife through the promiscuous girls in the town but then meets his match the virginal purity of Lorrey Strode. 

"William Lustig - I remember reading in oh, about 1977, or 78 in the magazine variety, that horror and slasher films were dead...then along came Halloween, and it just knocked everyone's socks off. Halloween is what fueled all of the films from the 80's to be made" Halloween was a low budgeted film, not many people expected it to do big, there was no advertising done on a large scale before it came out, but once you had seen you, you had to tell everybody to see it. After Halloween, there was about 50 to 100 films made, souly because of the success of Halloween.

Although Halloween was a fairly visually restrained film, it was followed by wave of slice and dicing films which was concentrated on the slashing's rather than the stalking, most noticeably from the hit 'Friday 13th' Directed by Shaun Cunningham. Friday the 13th was set an in a secluded area called 'Camp Blood', which was actually 'Camp Mersy Bosco' in New Jersey. The story was based on a group of sexual active idiotic teenagers who's flesh was ripped apart on screen in front of our eyes. Mostly thanks to the make up man Tom Savini. No body could of predicted the money or resoect that it had made, and once again its a low budgeted film. The team for the film wanted to make childhood fears become reality. One of these fears was, what if someone was under the bed? And they made this a killing in the film. People argue that the film would of been nothing without Savini and his make up and special effect skills.
Tom Savini "Sometimes I feel like an assassin. People hire me, I load up mu car with my tools and I go some strange place and I kill people. So here I am in Friday the 13th, and I'm killing teenagers in the woods. I'm an assassin"

When you look closely at horror movies, essentially what you see is that they are actually fairy tales, story's about places your warned not to enter. Its the interest of going into the dark room, and the door you don't want to open. Of course its always the door you didn't open that's got what you wanna see behind it. Many films often use real life serial killers as a main running theme for their film. One serial killer which the world became fascinated with was Ed Gein. Ed Gein was a farmer in a small town in America. He became very notorious in the 50s when it was discovered that for a number of years he had been digging up the corpses of women, taking them back to his farm house, dissecting them and transforming them into various kinds of furniture and artifacts. Gein put a very american face on horror, as he seemed a normal nice man who parents felt safe with letting him babysit their kids.

Joseph Stefano, Screenwriter, Psycho "I think saftey went out in the 60s. And I think that's because of Psycho, because it says, you cannot just stop at any motel, go in and take a shower. Watch it."
To many people Alfred Hitchcock's 1960s slasher Psycho, has to be one of the most inspirational films made. Its known to be the 'Granddad' of horror and slasher films, and many would argue that films such as Halloween, Friday the 13th and so on really owe Psycho for their inspiration and success.

'The Texas Chainsaw Massacre' Directed by Toby Hooper. Based on the nightmare story of Ed Gein, the director never said he wanted to tell the story of Ed Gein, but he wanted a family of Ed Geins, and that's what he did. You walk out of the movie after watching it and you say to yourself "there are people like this in the world" and its the realization of that which makes the film so great, in a weird scary way. Wes Craven "everything about it just seemed to be totally real, and ah, it was a great example of what I say, the first person to scare the audience had to be the filmmaker, and it had to be crazy people". It became what the 80s feared, a killer with a masc on.

If you wanna know how famous and how badly these famous film monsters became, you only have to go to a comic store where their faces are everywhere on every wall. And it can be easy to forget how scary the characters were the first time we met them.

The Ring - Essay

The film is a remake of the Japanese horror 'Ring,' which was made in 1998. The film based on a Japanese folk tale called Banchō Sarayashiki. This is a ghost story of love separated by social class, broken trust, promises, leading to a dismal fate. The film was also adapted from the novel 'Ring,' by Kōji Suzuki.


The story of 'The Ring' begins with the very cliches horroe film opening with an establishing shot of a house at night, it is stormy outside and raining. Two schools home alone discussing scary events. Here they discuss a previous weekend 7 days ago, when one of them Katie went to a cabin in the mountains with 2 friends and a boyfriend. They move topics onto a video tape which is supposedly cursed and whoever watches it gets a phone call straight after telling them they will die in 7 days. Then 7 days later, (to the exact time) the viewer dies. In absolute shock and devastation Katie reveals she had watched a weird tape at the cabin exactly 7 days before. After a series of explainable activities going on in the house they are in, involving a tv in the house turning itself on and making white noise, Katie is mysteriously killed while Becca has the unconformable job of watching, causing her to be institutionalized in a mental hospital.

We then see Katies Aunt, Rachel. Her and her son are at his school where Aidens teacher brings it to Rachels attention hes been drawing picturres of his dead cousin in the ground weeks days before she even died. At the girls funeral her mother asks her sister (Rachel) to invensitage her neices death, and as she learns more and more she discovers the video tape. Her investigation leads her to the same cabin in the mountains where Katie and her friends had watched the tape. There, she finds the tape and eventually watches it. She revieves the same phonecall what she expected and the nextday showed Noah (Aidens father) the tape, and they relaise they have a time limit. The next morning Rachel wakes to find Aiden watching the tape, now this is became serious.

After veiwing the tape very unexplanable and weird things begin to happen to Rachel. She starts to have nose bleeds, strange nightmares and many more. Her main focus then becomes to the tape, where she discovers many distubing images. Once inventigating these thye lead her to a woman named Anna Morgan (a woman featured in the tape) who lived on Moesko Island with her husband and daughter, and raised horses. Rachel findsa out that a horrific tradegy hits the Morgan ranch, where all the horses that they breed seemed to go man, attempted to flee the ranch and when they did, they drown themselfs in the sea. No body could diagnose what was wrong with the horses, which caused Anna to become depressed, and made her take residence at a metal institiuation, then commited suicude. Rachel then goes to the Morgan Ranch, where she finds Richard Morgan who is still alive, he refuses to talk about the video or his daughter. Rachel goes to see the local doctor to ask about the Morgan family. The old doctor tells her that Anna wanted a child more than anything, but was never able to successfully fall pregnant. One winter Anna and Richard left and returned with Samara who they adopted. But after some time Anna started complaining about visions that only happend when Samara was around, so she sent them both to a mental institute on the continent. Meanwhile Noah sneaks into the insitiute and finds Anna Morgans fil and discovers that a video is missing from there. Rachel then returns to the house and questions Richard about the conversation Smara had with the doctors on a tape she watched, and Richard finally stated the girl was evil, then kills himself infront of Rachels eyes.

Noah arraives and him and Rachel go into a barn when the horses used to be kept, and discover a room where Samars was kept by Richard. Behind the wallpaper in the bedroom they find an image of a ree from the video tape, and Rachel remebrs seeing it in the cabin she visited. They return there and discover a well underneath the floor. In which Rachel is led to where Samara was killed, at the bottom of the well under the floorborards. When Rachel falls down the well she finds Samaras body. Samara then somehow shows Rachel that her mother killed her, and Rachel tells authorities and the now dead Samara is given a proper burial, presumblyputting her spirt to rest.

Rachel now thinks that everything is ok as she has survived passed her 7 day mark, and informs her son Aiden then everything will be okay as Samara is now at rest. Aiden quickly tells her that her spirit has been relasied, shown by the bruises shown on his arm, the same as Rachel had. Next we see Noah at his flat, and we watch him go through the same as what Rachels neice, Katie did. We see Samara crawl out of the TV and she stares directly at Noah, we then see Rachel find Noah's body in his flat. Rachel is scared and worried that Aiden would die too when she realizes that the only way to escape Samara after watching the video is to make a copy of the tape and show it to someone else, this means shes continuing the cycle. The movie ends with Rachel helping Aiden how to make a copy of the tape so that he can then pass on the curse. As they make the tape copy, Aiden asks him mum,  who was to see the tape?













Tense music plays a vital part in the film as as soon as we hear it we feel the mood that the director is trying to convey. Throughout the film the music is deep, slow, but when the visual climax is close, the music seems to be a lot more upbeat and racing. It creates an emotional roller-coaster with the audience but manages to create the fear intended, no matter how cliche it is. These types of films always give you some suspense and then leave you hanging with something that isn't scary, and when the music stops and all the sound is diagetic, that can be the most tense moment created. 
Not only tense music but of course the visual is the most important part of the film. Having bright colours and sunshine would be totally the wrong thing to do to create the dark mood intended. Hence the reason why throughout the film dark colours are used. Even the clothing, make up, setting and scripting was conveyed and intented to have a 'dark mood' cast over it. 

The Devil Rides Out - Essay

'The Devil Rides Out' is a film made in 1968 and was directed by Terence Fisher. The film was set in the countryside of England giving it a quiet quirky effect which was great for the films story line. 
The film starts off with Nicholas (Christopher Lee) welcoming home his old friend Rex (Leon Greene). Rex has flown over to meet Nicholas and Simon (Patrick mower). Simon is the son of their old friend who had previously passed away, and as friends they swore that they would look after Simon. Unfortunately when Rex returned Nicholas informed him that he hadn't seen Simon in about 3 months. So unexpectedly they turn up at his house, only to find him having a small party with 12 guests. Something isn't right and when Simon asks them to leave. Nicholas, who is proficient in black magic, becomes aware that the guests Simon has in his house are member of a satanic cult and Simon and his friend Tanith will be baptized to serve the devil. 

As they are asked to leave, in a desperate double check to make sure he isn't going mad, Nicholas runs upstairs to Simon's telescope room, followed by Rex and Simon himself. Simon seems nervous and aggravated. they are dazzled by diagrams on the floor and wall, and not to his surprise he discovers chickens in a basket. "Diagrams on the wall, chickens in a basket, what's going on?!". 
Nicholas and Rex beg Simon to go home with them and to escape the trap, but he refuses, which leads them to no other choice, but to knock him out. Once he is finally back safe at Nicholas's home, they hypnotize him, and gave him to sleep with a cross around his neck. However when all is calm and quiet, Mocata the evil leader enters Simon's body and gets him to strangle himself with the necklace cross around his neck. The butler of nicholas takes off the cross so he doesn't kill himself, but this then frees Simon and he escapes and his elsewhere is unknown.  

In an attempt to get Simon back and stop him sacrificing himself to the devil Rex and Nicholas return to Simons home to find that he isn't there. however in the room where the black magic happens, they are stunned as the devil appears the mist and smoke and trys his best to reel them into his trap. Nicholas is strong and doesn't look into his eyes, but Rex is weak and becomes under the devils spell. Nicholas throws a cross at the devil and he banishes into the night and rex becomes conscious again. They decide they need a new plan so ex decides to take Tanith (the other member who is about to be sacrificed along side of Simon) for dinner, however the evil leader Mocoata regains control of her body and when her and Rex reach their destination, she steals his car and races off. In an attempt to get her back Rex chases her in his brothers car but crashes, so he has to run on foot. finally he finds her again and follows her and simon and the rest of the evil black magic party to a secret destination. In realization Rex rings Nicholas to warn him of what he's found. Once both Nicholas and Rex are at the scene, it comes to their attention that Simon and Tanith are about to be sacrificed and they need to stop it and fast. As a goats throat is cut and blood is spilt, the two men turn on car lights and dazzle the re-returned devil with the headlights and throw another cross at him. They kidnap Simon and Tanith and take them to a safe place where no harm can come of them. 


When they both rest and sleep, Mocata enters the home where they are at and manages to hypnotize the lady of the house, luckily just before she does what he says her daughter walks in the room and wakes her from it. meanwhile as she was hypnotized Mocata had woken up Tanith and Simon and proceeded to to make them kill whoever was in the room with them. but oncer the daughter peggy had woken up the mother Tanith and Simon snapped out of Mocata's spell and realized what they was doing. In absolute fear Tanith asks Rex to leave with her, so he does so. he ties her up in a barn, so she can do nothing, and when Mocata try's to take over her body she cannot do a thing. Meanwhile Simon, Nicholas and the Rex's brother and sister in law all stand in a circle to keep away the evil. If the circle is broken evil shall arrive. Unexpectedly 'The Angel of Death' arrives and while lots of commotion is going on, the daughter of the house is then kidnapped and taken to an unknown whereabouts. They notice Simon is still alive, but find it strange as the Angel of Death never leaves empty handed without a life. When Rex returns with Tanith she is dead. More desperate than ever, Nicholas wants to sort this out once and for all. Using the mothers body they hypnotize her and try and contact Taniths soul, they are successful with this and manage to find the whereabouts of where Peggy is.

Simon goes alone to the house where the party is and where Peggy is to discover that she is about to be sacrificed the same way the goat was. Once again Mocata regains control over Simon and has him back in the black magic trick. Nicholas, Rex and the couple turn up at the house to try and stop what goes on, Mocata manages to trance over everyone and carries on with the ceremony of sacrifice. Out of no where Tanith regains control over the mothers body and walks to the front of the ceremony, wakes peggy up and asks her to leave, she then throws a cross at Mocata and the whole room blows in to shreds. 
The next shot is back at the house, and the four characters are stood in the circle, they realize they went back in time after nicholas chanting some religious quote to the angel of death. Same as before, Rex returns with Tanith but this time she is alive, and Nicholas states that the Angel of Death never leaves empty handed, and this time, he's taken the evil leader Mocata, and everything was finally back to normal. 


Being a religious film meaning a huge candidate for why the film is so successful. Images such as camera shots and angles are huge in the way the audience see whats going on. Throughout the film its rare that you see any general camera movement, all that are there is transitions between each shot to neaten up the editing a bit better. One transition that was brilliantly used and only used for one of the first times around this era is the 'fade-in' and 'fade-out' transition. This could be because the government had given a bit of funding towards the cinema area and this helped them produce better editing techniques.


Throughout the whole of the film the music is dark and tense. This is a great way on casting a dark shadow over the film and giving it a deep religious feeling. James Benard did the original music and managed to create the spine chilling effect he wanted. When there were moments of happiness the music created was great at conveying feelings and emotion. Mise on scene is one of the main aspects that created such tense vibes throughout the film. Costume and make up played a huge role at doing so. Characters were made to wear everyday clothes which fitted that period of time, which helps the audience feel in touch with the characters as its the norm. But when the ceremony of sacrifice took place, characters wore long white robs, which were seen rather spooky with a creepy edge to them. And the main man who they all looked up to, wore the same robe but in deep purple. These outfits are completely different to what we would wear 
everyday and gave a quirkiness to the film when watched.